Poultry farming is a cornerstone of household economies and food security in Nigeria and across Africa. It provides a significant source of affordable animal protein, contributes to rural livelihoods, and plays a vital role in national economies. In Nigeria alone, poultry accounts for 33% of total protein consumption and contributes 25% to the agricultural GDP. Backyard poultry farming, which is widespread among smallholder farmers, particularly women and youth, offers an accessible and low-cost means of improving household incomes and nutrition.
However, these small-scale operations also pose unique risks. Birds often roam freely, interacting with wild waterfowls and other contaminated environments, creating a pathway for avian influenza transmission. Poor biosecurity practices, lack of awareness about disease prevention, and limited understanding of One Health principles exacerbate these risks. Surveys reveal that while 60% of farmers are aware of avian influenza, fewer than 16% understand its zoonotic implications, leading to unsafe practices like selling infected birds or feeding carcasses to other animals.
